When Should I Start Getting Tested for Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer for men. Prostate cancer often grows slowly, and for some men, it may not cause noticeable symptoms until it’s reached an advanced stage. 

Early detection can significantly increase the potential for successful treatment and survival. But when, exactly, should you start screening for prostate cancer? 

Urologist Michael Rotman, MD, has offices on the Upper East Side of Manhattan and in Hewlett, New York, and can advise you on your prostate health and answer your questions about being tested.

Understanding prostate cancer risks

The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder in men. It produces seminal fluid, which helps nourish and transport sperm. When abnormal cells in the prostate grow uncontrollably, they cause prostate cancer. Since prostate cancer often shows no early symptoms, regular screening is critical for early detection.

Factors that affect screening timing

When deciding when to start prostate cancer screening, age is one factor, but several others go beyond that. Understanding how these elements influence your screening plan can help you make the best decision for your health.

Age

Age is a significant factor for determining when to begin prostate cancer screenings. Men in good overall health and without significant risk factors typically start screening at age 50, as most guidelines recommend.

Family history

Men with a family history of prostate cancer, such as a father or brother who had the disease, face a higher risk of developing prostate cancer. For individuals with a family history of prostate cancer, screening is often advised around age 40-45. Discussing your family history with Dr. Rotman ensures a tailored screening plan.

Race and ethnicity

African American men are at an increased risk of developing prostate cancer at a younger age, often with more aggressive forms. For this reason, screening is generally recommended beginning at age 45, with the possibility of more frequent follow-ups.

Overall health

Chronic conditions and general health can also influence when to begin screening. If you have ongoing health issues or a shorter life expectancy, Dr. Rotman may adjust the timeline or recommend alternative approaches based on your needs.

What to expect during prostate screening

Prostate cancer screening typically includes a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test and, sometimes, a digital rectal exam (DRE). 

The PSA test measures the levels of a protein produced by the prostate. Increased levels may signal prostate issues, including cancer, but can also result from conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland.

During the DRE, Dr. Rotman uses a gloved, lubricated finger to check the prostate for abnormalities like lumps or unusual firmness. Although brief and somewhat uncomfortable, the exam is essential for detecting potential issues.

If the test results raise concerns,  a biopsy may be recommended to confirm cancer.

Making an informed decision

Prostate cancer screening is an essential part of preventive care, but the right timing can depend on your individual health needs. Call or schedule an appointment online with Dr. Rotman to discuss your personalized screening plan and take proactive steps toward better health.